NAD + ni iki kandi ni ukubera iki ari ingenzi cyane kubuzima no kuramba?

NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) ni coenzyme y'ingenzi igaragara mu ngirabuzimafatizo hafi ya zose, bakunze kwita “molekile y'ibanze y'ubuzima bwa selile.” Ikora imirimo myinshi mumubiri wumuntu, ikora nkitwara ryingufu, ikarinda ihindagurika ryimiterere, kandi ikarinda imikorere ya selile, ikagira akamaro kanini kubungabunga ubuzima no gutinda gusaza.

Muri metabolism yingufu, NAD⁺ yoroshya guhindura ibiryo imbaraga zikoreshwa. Iyo karubone, amavuta, na poroteyine bimenetse mu ngirabuzimafatizo, NAD⁺ ikora nk'itwara rya elegitoronike, ikohereza ingufu muri mitochondriya kugira ngo itange umusaruro wa ATP. ATP ikora nka "lisansi" yibikorwa bya selile, iha imbaraga ubuzima bwose. Hatariho NAD⁺ ihagije, ingufu zingirabuzimafatizo zigabanuka, biganisha ku kugabanya imbaraga nubushobozi muri rusange.

Kurenga ingufu za metabolism, NAD⁺ igira uruhare runini mugusana ADN no gutuza kwa genomic. Ingirabuzimafatizo zihora zangizwa na ADN zatewe n’ibidukikije n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, kandi NAD⁺ ikora imisemburo yo gusana kugirango ikosore ayo makosa. Ikora kandi sirtuins, umuryango wa poroteyine zijyanye no kuramba, imikorere ya mito-iyambere, hamwe nuburinganire bwa metabolike. Kubwibyo, NAD⁺ ntabwo ari ngombwa mu kubungabunga ubuzima gusa ahubwo ni n’ingenzi mu bushakashatsi bwo kurwanya gusaza.

NAD⁺ nayo irakomeye mugusubiza ibibazo bya selile no kurinda sisitemu y'imitsi. Mugihe cyo guhagarika umutima cyangwa gutwika, NAD⁺ ifasha kugenzura ibimenyetso bya selile hamwe nuburinganire bwa ion kugirango ibungabunge homeostasis. Muri sisitemu y'imitsi, ishyigikira ubuzima bwa mitochondial, igabanya kwangiza okiside kuri neuron, kandi ifasha gutinda gutangira no gutera imbere kwindwara zifata ubwonko.

Nyamara, urwego rwa NAD⁺ rusanzwe rugabanuka uko imyaka igenda. Iri gabanuka rifitanye isano no kugabanya ingufu z’ingufu, kubangamira gusana ADN, kongera umuriro, no kugabanuka kwimikorere yimitsi, ibyo byose bikaba biranga gusaza nindwara zidakira. Kubungabunga cyangwa kuzamura urwego rwa NAD⁺ rero byahindutse intego nyamukuru mu micungire yubuzima bugezweho nubushakashatsi burambye. Abahanga barimo gushakisha ibyuzuzanya nababanjirije NAD⁺ nka NMN cyangwa NR, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubaho, kugirango bakomeze urwego rwa NAD⁺, bongere imbaraga, kandi biteze imbere ubuzima muri rusange.